Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Elucidation of the treatment mechanism of pulsed radiofrequency based on its antiinflammatory effects

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19045-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) impaired axonal transport in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) small neurons. ( a ) Experimental schedule. Fast Blue was injected on day 13 after MIA administration, and the tissue was collected on day 14. ( b ) Illustration of Neurotracer injection into the mouse knee joint using a Hamilton syringe. The next day, the L4 DRGs were collected. ( c ) Representative micrographs of Nissl staining (upper) and Fast Blue retrograde tracer (FB: bottom) in the L4 DRG of the sham (left) and PRF (right) groups. The yellow arrow indicates FB-positive neurons. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( d ) Bar graph of the mean percentage of FB-positive cells among total cells (top), FB-positive large cells among total large cell counts (bottom left), and FB-positive small cells among total small cell counts (bottom right) in the sham (white) and PRF groups (gray). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test. * p < 0.05, vs. the sham group on the same day, n.s.: no significant. ( e ) Representative images of FB staining (upper panel) and immunostaining with anti-peripherin antibody (bottom) in the L4 DRG of the sham (left) and PRF (right) groups. Yellow arrowheads indicate FB- and peripherin-positive cells; red arrowheads indicate FB-positive and peripherin-negative cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( f ) The bar graph shows the average percentage of both FB- and peripherin-positive cells among peripherin-positive cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test. ** p < 0.01 vs. the sham group on the same day.

Article Snippet: The macrophage marker, F4/80 rat monoclonal antibody (1:100; ab6640, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) or the small DRG cell marker, peripherin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1:100; 17399-1-AP, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA) were used as the primary antibody.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Immunostaining

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: MRGPRX2 Mediates Mast Cell‐Induced Endometriosis Pain Through the Sensitization of Sensory Neurons via Histamine/ HRH1 / TRPV1 Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.1096/fj.202501493R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histamine sensitized TRPV1 through HRH1 activation in endometriosis. (A) The expression of histamine receptors, including HRH1, HRH2, HRH3, and HRH4, in F11 cells was determined by PCR using agarose gel electrophoresis. (B) Changes in HRH1 gene expression in F11 cells after treatment with 10 −7 mM histamine for 24 h, as measured by RT–qPCR. (C) Changes in HRH1 protein expression in F11 cells after treatment with 10 −7 mM histamine for 24 h, as detected by western blotting. (D) IHC images showing HRH1 expression in DRG tissue from sham ( n = 8) and EMS mice ( n = 7); 200×, scale bar = 100 μm. The boxed region in the merged images is enlarged in the images on the right (original magnification 400×, bar = 100 μm). (E) IHC scores of the above two groups. (F) Images of IF staining for HRH1 (red), CGRP (green), and cell nuclei (DAPI, blue) in paraffin sections of endometriotic lesions; 400×, scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Fluo‐4 fluorescence intensity of F11 cells from the control, histamine, and histamine+DLT groups. (H) Increase in the Ca 2+ peak (DF/F0) in F11 cells from the control, histamine, and histamine+DLT groups ( n = 3 in each group). Control (B, C, G, and H), F11 cells pretreated with the vehicle control; EMS, mice with endometriosis surgery; His, F11 cells pretreated with histamine (10 −7 mM); histamine, F11 cells pretreated with histamine (10 −7 mM) overnight; histamine + DLT, F11 cells pretreated with histamine (10 −7 mM) and desloratadine (1 μM) overnight; Sham, mice with the sham operation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The DRG cell line (F11) was obtained from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (Porton Down, Salisbury, UK).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Staining, Fluorescence, Control